#!/usr/bin/perl -w

# Kevin Lahey, lahey@isi.edu
# July 11, 2007

# Set up ssh tunnel infrastructure for federation:
# 
# * Parse the configuration file provided.
#
# * Figure out whether we're the initiator or the reciever;  if we're 
#   the receiver, we just need to set up ssh keys and exit.
#
# * Pick out the experimental interface, remove the IP address
# 
# * Create a layer 2 ssh tunnel, set up bridging, and hang loose.
#

use strict;
use Getopt::Std;
use POSIX qw(strftime);
use Sys::Hostname;
use IO::File;
use File::Copy;

my $IFCONFIG = "/sbin/ifconfig";
my $TMCC = "/usr/local/etc/emulab/tmcc";
my $FINDIF = "/usr/local/etc/emulab/findif";
# If a special version of ssh is required, it will be installed in
# /usr/local/bin/ssh.  Otherwise use the usual one.
my $SSH = -x "/usr/local/bin/ssh" ? "/usr/local/bin/ssh" : "/usr/bin/ssh";
my $NC = "/usr/bin/nc";
my $SSH_PORT = 22;
my $ROUTE_GET = "/sbin/route get";  # XXX:  works on FreeBSD, but should
				    #       should be 'ip route get' for Linux
my $sshd_config = "/etc/ssh/sshd_config";    # Probably should be a param

# Ports that are forwarded between testbeds
my $TMCD_PORT = 7777;
my $SMBFS_PORT = 139;
my $PUBSUB_PORT = 16505;
my $SEER_PORT = 16606;


my $remote_pubsub_port = $PUBSUB_PORT - 1;  # There will be a local
					    # pubsubd running, so we
					    # dodge the port on the
					    # remote tunnel node.
die "Cannot exec $SSH" unless -x $SSH;

sub setup_bridging;
sub setup_tunnel_cfg;
sub parse_config;

# Option use is as follows:
#    -f         filename containing config file
#    -d         turn on debugging output
#    -r		remotely invoked
#               (if remotely invoked the last two args are the tun interface
#               number and the remote address of the tunnel)

my $usage = "Usage: fed-tun.pl [-r] [-d] [-f config-filename] [count addr]\n";

my %opts;	# Note that this is used for both getops and the options file
my @expected_opts = qw(active tunnelcfg bossname fsname type 
		       peer pubkeys privkeys);
my $filename;
my $remote;
my $debug = 1;
my $count;
my $addr;
my $active;
my $type;
my $tunnelcfg;
my @ssh_port_fwds;		# Queue of ssh portforwarders to start.  The
				# -L or -R is in here.
my $remote_script_dir;		# location of the other sides fed-tun.pl
my $event_repeater;		# The pathname of the event repeater

if ($#ARGV != 0 && !getopts('df:rn', \%opts)) {
    die "$usage";
}

if (defined($opts{'d'})) {
    $debug = 1;
}

if (defined($opts{'f'})) {
    $filename = $opts{'f'};
}
else {
    # Find the configuration file in the usual place, which depends on what
    # experiment and project we're in.
    my $pid;
    my $eid;

    open(TMCD, "$TMCC status |") || die "tmcc failed\n";
    print "Opened $TMCC status\n" if ($debug);
    while (<TMCD>) {
	chomp;
	/ALLOCATED=([^\/]+)\/(\S+)/ && do {
	    $pid = $1;
	    $eid = $2;
	};
    }
    close(TMCD);
    my $hn = `hostname`;
    chomp $hn;
    $filename = "/proj/$pid/exp/$eid/tmp/$hn.gw.conf"
	if $pid and $eid;
}

if (defined($opts{'r'})) {
    $remote = 1;
    die "$usage" if ($#ARGV != 1);
    
    $count = pop @ARGV;
    $addr = pop @ARGV;
}

die "$usage" if (!defined($remote) && !defined($filename));

if (defined($filename)) {
    &parse_config("$filename", \%opts) || 
	die "Cannot read config file $filename: $!\n";

    foreach my $opt (@expected_opts) {
	warn "Missing $opt option\n" if (!defined($opts{$opt}));
    }

    $active = 1 if ($opts{'active'} =~ /true/i);
    $tunnelcfg = 1 if ($opts{'tunnelcfg'} =~ /true/i);
    $type = $opts{'type'};
    $type =~ tr/A-Z/a-z/;
    $remote_script_dir = $opts{'remotescriptdir'} || ".";
    $event_repeater = $opts{'eventrepeater'};
    my $listen_on = $opts{'sshlisten'}||"";

    if (defined($opts{'fsname'})) {
	push(@ssh_port_fwds,"-R $listen_on:$SMBFS_PORT:$opts{'fsname'}:$SMBFS_PORT");
    }

    if (defined($opts{'bossname'})) {
	push(@ssh_port_fwds, "-R $listen_on:$TMCD_PORT:$opts{'bossname'}:$TMCD_PORT");
    }

    if (defined($opts{'eventservername'})) {
	push(@ssh_port_fwds,"-R ". 
	    "$listen_on:$remote_pubsub_port:$opts{'eventservername'}:$PUBSUB_PORT");
    }
    if (defined($opts{'remoteeventservername'})) {
	push(@ssh_port_fwds,"-L :$remote_pubsub_port:" . 
	    "$opts{'remoteeventservername'}:$PUBSUB_PORT");
    }

    # Forward connections to seer from remote TBs to control in this TB
    if (defined($opts{'seercontrol'})) {
	push(@ssh_port_fwds,"-R $listen_on:$SEER_PORT:$opts{seercontrol}:$SEER_PORT");
    }

    # -n just starts the ssh tap tunnel
    @ssh_port_fwds = () if ($opts{'type'} eq 'experiment' || $opts{'n'});

    print "ssh_port_fwds = ", join("\n",@ssh_port_fwds), "\n" if ($debug);
}

# Both sides need to have GatewayPorts and PermitTunnel set.  Copy the existing
# sshd_config, making sure GatewayPorts and PermitTunnel are set to yes,
# replace the original, and restart sshd.
my $ports_on = 0;
my $tunnel_on = 0;

my $conf = new IO::File($sshd_config) || die "Can't open $sshd_config: $!\n";
my $new_conf = new IO::File(">/tmp/sshd_config") || 
    die "Can't open new ssh_config: $!\n";

while(<$conf>) {
    s/^\s*GatewayPorts.*/GatewayPorts yes/ && do {
	print $new_conf $_ unless $ports_on++;
	next;
    };
    s/^\s*PermitTunnel.*/PermitTunnel yes/ && do {
	print $new_conf $_ unless $tunnel_on++;
	next;
    };
    print $new_conf $_;
}
print $new_conf "GatewayPorts yes\n" unless $ports_on;
print $new_conf "PermitTunnel yes\n" unless $tunnel_on;
$conf->close();
$new_conf->close();

copy("/tmp/sshd_config", $sshd_config) || 
    die "Cannot replace $sshd_config: $!\n";

system("/etc/rc.d/sshd restart");

# Need these to make the Ethernet tap and bridge to work...
system("kldload /boot/kernel/bridgestp.ko") 
    if -r "/boot/kernel/bridgestp.ko";
system("kldload /boot/kernel/if_bridge.ko");
system("kldload /boot/kernel/if_tap.ko");

if ($tunnelcfg && !$remote) {
    # Most Emulab-like testbeds use globally-routable addresses on the
    # control net;  at DETER, we isolate the control net from the Internet.
    # On DETER-like testbeds, we need to create special tunneling nodes
    # with external access.  Set up the external addresses as necessary.
    &setup_tunnel_cfg(%opts);
}

if (!$remote) {
    system("umask 077 && cp $opts{'privkeys'} /root/.ssh/id_rsa");
    system("umask 077 && cp $opts{'pubkeys'} /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub");
    system("umask 077 && cat $opts{'pubkeys'} >> /root/.ssh/authorized_keys");
}

if ($active) {
    # If we're the initiator, open up a separate tunnel to the remote 
    # host for each of the different experiment net interfaces on this 
    # machine.  Execute this startup script on the far end, but with 
    # the -r option to indicate that it's getting invoked remotely and 
    # we should just handle the remote-end tasks.

    # Set up synchronization, so that the various user machines won't try to
    # contact boss before the tunnels are set up.  (Thanks jjh!)

    do {
	system("$NC -z $opts{'peer'} $SSH_PORT");
    } until (!$?);

    # XXX:  Do we need to clear out previously created bridge interfaces?

    my $count = 0;
    my @SSHCMD;

    # If we are just setting up a control net connection, just fire up
    # ssh with the null command, and hang loose.

    if ($type eq "control") {
	foreach my $fwd (@ssh_port_fwds) {
	    system("$SSH -N $fwd -o \"StrictHostKeyChecking no\" ". 
		"$opts{'peer'} &"); #or die "Failed to run ssh";
	}

	exit;
    }

    open(IFFILE, "/var/emulab/boot/ifmap") || die "couldn't open ifmap\n";
    while (<IFFILE>) {
	my @a = split(' ');
	my $iface = $a[0];
	my $addr = $a[1];
	my $bridge = "bridge" . $count;
	my $tun = "tap" . $count;
	my $cmd;

	print "Found $iface, $addr, to bridge on $bridge\n" if ($debug);

	# Note that we're going to fire off an ssh which will never return;
	# we need the connection to stay up to keep the tunnel up.
	# In order to check for problems, we open it this way and read
	# the expected single line of output when the tunnel is connected.
	# To make debugging easier and to degrade more gracefully, I've split
	# these out into multiple processes.
	
	foreach my $fwd (@ssh_port_fwds) {
	    $cmd = "$SSH -N $fwd -o \"StrictHostKeyChecking no\" ". 
		"$opts{'peer'} &";

	    print "$cmd\n" if $debug;
	    system("$cmd"); # or die "Failed to run ssh";
	}
	# The Tunnel option specifies the level to tunnel at.  Ethernet creates
	# a tap device rather than a tun device.  Strict host key checking
	# avoids asking the user to OK a strange host key.
	#
	# Important safety tip:  ssh v 6.5 and above have a parsing bug
	# that means if you put -w before the -o "Tunnel ethernet"
	# parameter, you get a layer 3 tunnel instead of a layer 2 tunnel.
	# Don't move args in this line capricously.
	$cmd =  "$SSH -o \"Tunnel ethernet\" -w $count:$count " .
	    "-o \"StrictHostKeyChecking no\" " . 
	    "$opts{'peer'}  \"$remote_script_dir/fed-tun.pl " . 
	    "-r $addr $count\" & |";

	print "$cmd\n" if $debug;

	open(SSHCMD, $cmd) 
	   or die "Failed to run ssh";
	# Wait for the other end to report its work done.  This string comes
	# from the block below (after the elsif) -- tvf
	my $check;  # Make sure something ran...

	while ($check = <SSHCMD>) {
	    last if $check =~ /^Remote connection all/;
	}
	print "Got line [$check] from remote side\n" if ($debug);

	&setup_bridging($tun, $bridge, $iface, $addr);
	$count++;
	@ssh_port_fwds = ();  # only do this on the first connection
    }
    close(IFFILE);

    # Start a local event repeater (unless we're missing parameters 
    die "Missing event repeater params (No config file ?)\n"
	unless $event_repeater && $opts{'remoteexperiment'} && 
	$opts{'localexperiment'};

    print "Starting event repeater\n" if $debug;
    
    print("$event_repeater -M -P $remote_pubsub_port -S localhost " . 
	"-E $opts{'remoteexperiment'} -e $opts{'localexperiment'}\n") 
	if $debug;
    # Connect to the forwarded pubsub port on this host to listen to the
    # other experiment's events, and to the local experiment to forward
    # events.
    system("$event_repeater -M -P $remote_pubsub_port -S localhost " . 
	"-E $opts{'remoteexperiment'} -e $opts{'localexperiment'}");
    warn "Event repeater returned $?\n" if $?;
} elsif ($remote) {
    # We're on the remote system;  figure out which interface to 
    # tweak, based on the IP address passed in.

    my $iter = 0;
    my $iface;

    open(RTFILE, "$ROUTE_GET $addr |") || die "couldn't do $ROUTE_GET\n";
    while (<RTFILE>) {
        if (/interface: (\w+)/) {
	    $iface = $1;
	}
    }
    close(RTFILE);

    die "Couldn't find interface to use." if (!defined($iface));
    my $bridge = "bridge" . $count;
    my $tun = "tap" . $count;

    &setup_bridging($tun, $bridge, $iface, $addr);
    print "Remote connection all set up!\n";  # Trigger other end with output

    # If this is the first remote invocation on a control gateway, start the
    # event repeater.

    if ( $count == 0 && $type ne "experiment" ) {
	my $remote_pubsub_port = $PUBSUB_PORT - 1;  # There will be a local
						    # pubsubd running, so we
						    # dodge the port on the
						    # remote tunnel node.
	# Make sure we have the relevant parameters
	die "Missing event repeater params (No config file ?)\n"
	    unless $event_repeater && $opts{'remoteexperiment'} && 
	    $opts{'localexperiment'};

	print "Starting event repeater\n" if $debug;
	
	# Connect to the forwarded pubsub port on this host to listen to the
	# other experiment's events, and to the local experiment to forward
	# events.
	system("$event_repeater -P $remote_pubsub_port -S localhost " . 
	    "-E $opts{'remoteexperiment'} -e $opts{'localexperiment'}");
	warn "Event repeater returned $?\n" if $?;
    }
} else {
    print "inactive end of a connection, finishing" if ($debug);
}

print "all done!\n" if ($debug);
exit;


# Set up the bridging for the new stuff...

sub setup_bridging($; $; $; $) {
    my ($tun, $bridge, $iface, $addr) = @_;

    print "Waiting to see if new iface $tun is up\n" if ($debug);

    do {
	sleep 1;
	system("$IFCONFIG $tun");
    } until (!$?);

    print "setting up $bridge with $iface and nuking $addr\n" if ($debug);

    system("ifconfig $bridge create");
    system("ifconfig $iface delete $addr");
    system("ifconfig $bridge addm $iface up");
    system("ifconfig $bridge addm $tun");
}

# Set up tunnel info for DETER-like testbeds.

sub setup_tunnel_cfg {
    my (%opts) = @_;
    #my $tunnel_iface = "em0";   # XXX
    my $tunnel_iface = $opts{'interface'} || "em0";
    my $tunnel_ip;
    my $tunnel_mask;
    my $tunnel_mac;
    my $tunnel_router;

    print "Opening $TMCC tunnelip\n" if ($debug);

    open(TMCD, "$TMCC tunnelip |") || die "tmcc failed\n";
    print "Opened $TMCC tunnelip\n" if ($debug);
    while (<TMCD>) {
        print "got one line from tmcc\n" if ($debug);
	print if ($debug);
	if (/^TUNNELIP=([0-9.]*) TUNNELMASK=([0-9.]*) TUNNELMAC=(\w*) TUNNELROUTER=([0-9.]*)$/) {
	    $tunnel_ip = $1;
	    $tunnel_mask = $2;
	    $tunnel_mac = $3;
	    $tunnel_router = $4;
	}
    }
    close(TMCD);

    print "tunnel options:  ip=$tunnel_ip mask=$tunnel_mask mac=$tunnel_mac router=$tunnel_router\n" if ($debug);

    if (defined($tunnel_mac) && ($tunnel_mac ne "")) {
       print "Opening $FINDIF $tunnel_mac\n" if ($debug);
       open(FIF, "$FINDIF $tunnel_mac |") || die "findif failed\n";
       my $line = <FIF>;
       chomp($line);
       print "$FINDIF returned $line\n" if ($debug);
       $tunnel_iface = $line;
    }

    system("ifconfig $tunnel_iface $tunnel_ip" .
	   ($tunnel_mask ? " netmask $tunnel_mask" : "") . " up");
    warn "configuration of tunnel interface failed" if ($?);

    if ($tunnel_router) {

	# Sometimes the insertion of DNS names lags a bit.  Retry this
	# configuration a few times to let DNS catch up.  Might want to really
	# check the DNS name before we try this...
	my $config_succeeded = 0;
	my $tries = 0;
	my $max_retries = 300;

	do {
	    system("route add $opts{'peer'} $tunnel_router");
	    if ( $? ) {
		warn "configuration routes via tunnel interface failed";
		$tries++;
		sleep(10);
	    }
	    else { $config_succeeded = 1; }
	} until ( $config_succeeded || $tries > $max_retries );
    }

    print "setup_tunnel_cfg done\n" if ($debug);
}

# Trick config-file parsing code from Ted Faber:

# Parse the config file.  The format is a colon-separated parameter name
# followed by the value of that parameter to the end of the line.  This parses
# that format and puts the parameters into the referenced hash.  Parameter
# names are mapped to lower case, parameter values are unchanged.  Returns 0 on
# failure (e.g. file open) and 1 on success.
sub parse_config {
    my($file, $href) = @_;
    my($fh) = new IO::File($file);
	
    unless ($fh) {
	warn "Can't open $file: $!\n";
	return 0;
    }

    while (<$fh>) {
	next if /^\s*#/ || /^\s*$/;	# Skip comments & blanks
	chomp;
	/^([^:]+):\s*(.*)/ && do {
	    my($key) = $1; 

	    $key =~ tr/A-Z/a-z/;
	    $href->{$key} = $2;
	    next;
	};
	warn "Unparasble line in $file: $_\n";
    }
    $fh->close();   # It will close when it goes out of scope, but...
    return 1;
}