source: fedd/fedd_client.py @ f00fb7d

#!/usr/local/bin/python

import sys
import os
import pwd
import tempfile
import subprocess
import re
import xml.parsers.expat
import time

from federation import fedid, service_error
from federation.util import fedd_ssl_context, pack_id, unpack_id
from federation.remote_service import service_caller
from federation import topdl

from optparse import OptionParser, OptionValueError


class IDFormatException(RuntimeError): pass

class access_method:
    """Encapsulates an access method generically."""
    (type_ssh, type_x509, type_pgp) = ('sshPubkey', 'X509', 'pgpPubkey')
    default_type = type_ssh
    def __init__(self, buf=None, type=None, file=None):
        self.buf = buf

        if type != None: self.type = type
        else: self.type = access_method.default_type

        if file != None:
            self.readfile(file)
    
    def readfile(self, file, type=None):
        f = open(file, "r")
        self.buf = f.read();
        f.close()
        if type == None:
            if self.type == None:
                self.type = access_method.default_type
        else:
            self.type = type;
    
class node_desc:
    def __init__(self, image, hardware, count=1):
        if getattr(image, "__iter__", None) == None:
            if image == None: self.image = [ ]
            else: self.image = [ image ]
        else:
            self.image = image

        if getattr(hardware, "__iter__", None) == None: 
            if hardware == None: self.hardware = [ ]
            else: self.hardware = [ hardware ]
        else:
            self.hardware = hardware
        if count != None: self.count = int(count)
        else: self.count = 1

class fedd_client_opts(OptionParser):
    """Encapsulate option processing in this class, rather than in main"""
    def __init__(self):
        OptionParser.__init__(self, usage="%prog [opts] (--help for details)",
                version="0.1")

        self.add_option("--cert", action="store", dest="cert",
                type="string", help="my certificate file")
        self.add_option( "--debug", action="count", dest="debug", 
                default=0, help="Set debug.  Repeat for more information")
        self.add_option("--serialize_only", action="store_true", 
                dest="serialize_only", default=False,
                help="Print the SOAP request that would be sent and exit")
        self.add_option("--trusted", action="store", dest="trusted",
                type="string", help="Trusted certificates (required)")
        self.add_option("--url", action="store", dest="url",
                type="string",default="https://localhost:23235",  
                help="URL to connect to (default %default)")
        self.add_option("--transport", action="store", type="choice",
                choices=("xmlrpc", "soap"), default="soap",
                help="Transport for request (xmlrpc|soap) (Default: %default)")
        self.add_option("--trace", action="store_const", dest="tracefile", 
                const=sys.stderr, help="Print SOAP exchange to stderr")
class fedd_new_opts(fedd_client_opts):
    def __init__(self):
        fedd_client_opts.__init__(self)
        self.add_option("--experiment_cert", dest="out_certfile",
                type="string", help="output certificate file")
        self.add_option("--experiment_name", dest="exp_name",
                type="string", help="Suggested experiment name")

class fedd_create_opts(fedd_new_opts):
    def __init__(self):
        fedd_new_opts.__init__(self)
        self.add_option("--file", dest="file", 
                help="experiment description file")
        self.add_option("--project", action="store", dest="project", 
                type="string",
                help="Project to export from master")
        self.add_option("--master", dest="master",
                help="Master testbed in the federation (pseudo project export)")
        self.add_option("--service", dest="service", action="append",
                type="string", default=[],
                help="Service description name:exporters:importers:attrs")

class fedd_split_opts(fedd_create_opts):
    def __init__(self ):
        fedd_create_opts.__init__(self)
        self.add_option('--fedkit', action='store_true', dest='fedkit',
                default=False,
                help="get output suitable for federation kit install")
        self.add_option('--gatewaykit', action='store_true',
                dest='gatewaykit', default=False,
                help="get output suitable for federation gateway kit install")


class fedd_access_opts(fedd_create_opts):
    def __init__(self):
        fedd_create_opts.__init__(self)
        self.add_option("--label", action="store", dest="label",
                type="string", help="Label for output")
        if add_node_callback:
            self.add_option("--node", action="callback", type="string", 
                    callback=add_node_callback, callback_args=(node_descs,),
                    help="Node description: image:hardware[:count]")
        self.add_option("--testbed", action="store", dest="testbed",
                type="string",
                help="Testbed identifier (URI) to contact (required)")

class fedd_exp_data_opts(fedd_client_opts):
    def __init__(self):
        fedd_client_opts.__init__(self)
        self.add_option("--experiment_cert", dest="exp_certfile",
                type="string", help="experiment certificate file")
        self.add_option("--experiment_name", dest="exp_name",
                type="string", help="human readable experiment name")
        self.add_option("--data", dest="data", default=[],
                action="append", type="choice",
                choices=("id", "experimentdescription", "federant", "vtopo", 
                    "vis", "log", "status"),
                help="data to extract")

class fedd_terminate_opts(fedd_exp_data_opts):
    def __init__(self):
        fedd_exp_data_opts.__init__(self)
        self.add_option("--force", dest="force",
                action="store_true", default=False,
                help="Force termination if experiment is in strange state")
        self.add_option("--logfile", dest="logfile", default=None,
                help="File to write log to")
        self.add_option("--print_log", dest="print_log", default=False,
                action="store_true",
                help="Print deallocation log to standard output")

class fedd_multi_exp_data_opts(fedd_client_opts):
    def __init__(self):
        fedd_client_opts.__init__(self)
        self.add_option("--data", dest="data", default=[],
                action="append", type="choice",
                choices=("id", "federant", "vtopo", "vis", "log", "status"),
                help="data to extract")

class fedd_spew_opts(fedd_client_opts):
    def __init__(self):
        fedd_client_opts.__init__(self)
        self.add_option("--experiment_cert", dest="exp_certfile",
                type="string", help="experiment name certificate file")
        self.add_option("--experiment_name", dest="exp_name",
                type="string", help="human readable experiment name")
        self.add_option("--logfile", dest="logfile", default=None,
                help="File to write log to")
        self.add_option('--update_time', dest='update', type='int', default=10,
                help='how often to update the printed log')

class fedd_image_opts(fedd_exp_data_opts):
    def __init__(self):
        fedd_exp_data_opts.__init__(self)
        self.add_option("--output", dest="outfile", type="string",
                help="output image file")
        self.add_option("--format", dest="format", type="choice", 
                choices=("jpg", "png", "dot", "svg"),
                help="Output file format override")
        self.add_option("--program", dest="neato", default=None,
                type="string",
                help="Program compatible with dot (from graphviz) used to " + \
                        "render image")
        self.add_option("--labels", dest='labels', action='store_true',
                default=True, help='Label nodes and edges')
        self.add_option("--no_labels", dest='labels',
                default=True, action='store_false',
                help='Label nodes and edges')
        self.add_option('--pixels', dest="pixels", default=None,
                type="int",
                help="Size of output in pixels (diagrams are square")

class fedd_ns_image_opts(fedd_split_opts):
    def __init__(self):
        fedd_split_opts.__init__(self)
        self.add_option("--output", dest="outfile", type="string",
                help="output image file")
        self.add_option("--format", dest="format", type="choice", 
                choices=("jpg", "png", "dot", "svg"),
                help="Output file format override")
        self.add_option("--program", dest="neato", default=None,
                type="string",
                help="Program compatible with dot (from graphviz) used to " + \
                        "render image")
        self.add_option("--labels", dest='labels', action='store_true',
                default=True, help='Label nodes and edges')
        self.add_option("--no_labels", dest='labels',
                default=True, action='store_false',
                help='Label nodes and edges')
        self.add_option('--pixels', dest="pixels", default=None,
                type="int",
                help="Size of output in pixels (diagrams are square")

class fedd_start_opts(fedd_client_opts):
    def __init__(self):
        fedd_client_opts.__init__(self)
        self.add_option("--file", dest="file", 
                help="experiment description file")

class fedd_ns_topdl_opts(fedd_client_opts):
    def __init__(self):
        fedd_client_opts.__init__(self)
        self.add_option("--file", dest="file", 
                help="experiment description file")
        self.add_option("--output", dest="outfile", type="string",
                help="output topdl file")

def exit_with_fault(dict, out=sys.stderr):
    """ Print an error message and exit.

    The dictionary contains the FeddFaultBody elements."""
    codestr = ""

    if dict.has_key('errstr'):
        codestr = "Error: %s" % dict['errstr']

    if dict.has_key('code'):
        if len(codestr) > 0 : 
            codestr += " (%d)" % dict['code']
        else:
            codestr = "Error Code: %d" % dict['code']

    print>>out, codestr
    print>>out, "Description: %s" % dict['desc']
    sys.exit(dict.get('code', 20))
# Base class for the various client operations.  It includes some commonly used
# functions and classes the most important of which are the exception classes
# and the service calling classes.
class fedd_rpc:

    class RPCException:
        """
        An error during the RPC exchange.  It unifies errors from both SOAP and
        XMLPRC calls.
        """
        def __init__(self, fb):
            self.desc = fb.get('desc', None)
            self.code = fb.get('code', -1)
            self.errstr = fb.get('errstr', None)

    class caller(service_caller):
        """
        The caller is used by fedd_rpc.do_rpc to make the rpc call.  The extra
        stashed information is used to parse responses a little.
        """
        def __init__(self, pre):
            self.ResponseBody="%sResponseBody" % pre
            self.method = pre
            service_caller.__init__(self, self.method)

    def __init__(self): 
        """
        Specialize the class for the pre method
        """
        self.caller = fedd_rpc.caller
        self.RPCException = fedd_rpc.RPCException


    def add_node_desc(self, option, opt_str, value, parser, node_descs):
        def none_if_zero(x):
            if len(x) > 0: return x
            else: return None

        params = map(none_if_zero, value.split(":"));
        
        if len(params) < 4 and len(params) > 1:
            node_descs.append(node_desc(*params))
        else:
            raise OptionValueError("Bad node description: %s" % value)

    def get_user_info(self):
        pw = pwd.getpwuid(os.getuid());
        try_cert=None
        user = None

        if pw != None:
            user = pw[0]
            try_cert = "%s/.ssl/emulab.pem" % pw[5];
            if not os.access(try_cert, os.R_OK):
                try_cert = None
        return (user, try_cert)

    def do_rpc(self, req_dict, url, transport, cert, trusted, tracefile=None,
            serialize_only=False, caller=None):
        """
        The work of sending and parsing the RPC as either XMLRPC or SOAP
        """

        if caller is None: 
            raise RuntimeError("Must provide caller to do_rpc")

        context = None
        while context == None:
            try:
                context = fedd_ssl_context(cert, trusted)
            except Exception, e:
                # Yes, doing this on message type is not ideal.  The string
                # comes from OpenSSL, so check there is this stops working.
                if str(e) == "bad decrypt": 
                    print >>sys.stderr, "Bad Passphrase given."
                else: raise

        if transport == "soap":
            if serialize_only:
                print caller.serialize_soap(req_dict) 
                return { }
            else:
                try:
                    resp = caller.call_soap_service(url, req_dict, 
                            context=context, tracefile=tracefile)
                except service_error, e:
                    raise self.RPCException( {\
                            'code': e.code, 
                            'desc': e.desc, 
                            'errstr': e.code_string()\
                        })
        elif transport == "xmlrpc":
            if serialize_only:
                ser = dumps((req_dict,))
                print ser
                return { }
            else:
                try:
                    resp = caller.call_xmlrpc_service(url, req_dict, 
                            context=context, tracefile=tracefile)
                except service_error, e:
                    raise self.RPCException( {\
                            'code': e.code, 
                            'desc': e.desc, 
                            'errstr': e.code_string()\
                        })

        else:
            raise RuntimeError("Unknown RPC transport: %s" % transport)

        if resp.has_key(caller.ResponseBody):
            return resp[caller.ResponseBody]
        else:
            raise RuntimeError("No body in response??")

class exp_data_base(fedd_rpc):
    def __init__(self):
        """
        Init the various conversions
        """

        fedd_rpc.__init__(self)
        # List of things one could ask for and what formatting routine is
        # called.
        self.params = {
                'vis': ('vis', self.print_vis_or_vtopo('vis')),
                'vtopo': ('vtopo', self.print_vis_or_vtopo('vtopo')),
                'federant': ('federant', self.print_xml),
                'experimentdescription': \
                        ('experimentdescription', self.print_xml),
                'id': ('experimentID', self.print_id),
                'status': ('experimentStatus', self.print_string),
                'log': ('allocationLog', self.print_string),
                'access': ('experimentAccess', self.print_string),
            }

    # Utility functions
    def print_string(self, d, out=sys.stdout):
        print >>out, d

    def print_id(self, d, out=sys.stdout):
        if d:
            for id in d:
                for k in id.keys():
                    print >>out, "%s: %s" % (k, id[k])

    def print_xml(self, d, out=sys.stdout):
        """
        Very simple ugly xml formatter of the kinds of dicts that come back
        from services.
        """
        if isinstance(d, dict):
            for k, v in d.items():
                print >>out, "<%s>" % k
                self.print_xml(v, out)
                print >>out, "</%s>" % k
        elif isinstance(d, list):
            for x in d:
                self.print_xml(x, out)
        else:
            print >>out, d


    class print_vis_or_vtopo:
        """
        Print the retrieved data is a simple xml representation of the dict.
        """
        def __init__(self, top):
            self.xml = top

        def __call__(self, d, out=sys.stdout):
            str = "<%s>\n" % self.xml
            for t in ('node', 'lan'):
                if d.has_key(t): 
                    for x in d[t]:
                        str += "<%s>" % t
                        for k in x.keys():
                            str += "<%s>%s</%s>" % (k, x[k],k)
                        str += "</%s>\n" % t
            str+= "</%s>" % self.xml
            print >>out, str

        
    def __call__(self):
        """
        The control flow.  Compose the request and print the response.
        """
        # Process the options using the customized option parser defined above
        parser = fedd_exp_data_opts()

        (opts, args) = parser.parse_args()

        if opts.trusted:
            if ( not os.access(opts.trusted, os.R_OK) ) :
                sys.exit("Cannot read trusted certificates (%s)" % opts.trusted)

        if opts.debug > 0: opts.tracefile=sys.stderr

        (user, cert) = self.get_user_info()

        if opts.cert != None: cert = opts.cert

        if cert == None:
            sys.exit("No certificate given (--cert) or found")

        if os.access(cert, os.R_OK):
            fid = fedid(file=cert)
        else:
            sys.exit("Cannot read certificate (%s)" % cert)

        if opts.exp_name and opts.exp_certfile:
            sys.exit("Only one of --experiment_cert and " +\
                    "--experiment_name permitted");

        exp_id = None
        if opts.exp_certfile:
            exp_id = { 'fedid': fedid(file=opts.exp_certfile) }

        if opts.exp_name:
            exp_id = { 'localname' : opts.exp_name }

        if not exp_id:
            sys.exit("specify one of --experiment_cert and --experiment_name")


        req = { 'experiment': exp_id }

        try:
            resp_dict = self.do_rpc(req,
                    opts.url, opts.transport, cert, opts.trusted, 
                    serialize_only=opts.serialize_only,
                    tracefile=opts.tracefile,
                    caller=self.caller('Info'))
        except self.RPCException, e:
            exit_with_fault(\
                    {'desc': e.desc, 'errstr': e.errstr, 'code': e.code})
        except RuntimeError, e:
            sys.exit("Error processing RPC: %s" % e)

        return (resp_dict, opts)


# Querying experiment data follows the same control flow regardless of the
# specific data retrieved.  This class encapsulates that control flow.
class exp_data(exp_data_base):
    def __init__(self): 
        exp_data_base.__init__(self)

    def __call__(self):
        """
        The control flow.  Compose the request and print the response.
        """

        resp_dict, opts = exp_data_base.__call__(self)

        for d in opts.data:
            key, output = self.params[d]
            try:
                if resp_dict.has_key(key):
                    output(resp_dict[key])
            except RuntimeError, e:
                sys.exit("Bad response. %s" % e.message)

class ftopo(exp_data_base):
    """
    ftopo returns the mapping from logical name to local hostname
    """
    def __init__(self):
        exp_data_base.__init__(self)
    def __call__(self):
        sys.argv.append('--data=experimentdescription')
        resp, opts = exp_data_base.__call__(self)
        if 'experimentdescription' in resp and \
                'topdldescription' in resp['experimentdescription']:
            top = \
                topdl.Topology(\
                **resp['experimentdescription']['topdldescription'])

            for e in [ e for e in top.elements \
                    if isinstance(e, topdl.Computer)]:
                hn = e.get_attribute('hostname')
                tb = e.get_attribute('testbed')
                if hn and tb:
                    print ":".join([",".join(e.name), hn, tb])




class vtopo(exp_data_base):
    """
    vtopo is just an info --data=vtopo request, so this adds that parameter to
    the arguments and executes exp_info when called.
    """
    def __init__(self):
        exp_data_base.__init__(self)
    def __call__(self):
        sys.argv.append('--data=vtopo')
        resp, opts = exp_data_base.__call__(self)
        if 'vtopo' in resp:
            self.print_vis_or_vtopo('vtopo')(resp['vtopo'])


class vis(exp_data_base):
    """
    vis is just an info --data=vis request, so this adds that parameter to
    the arguments and executes exp_info when called.
    """
    def __init__(self):
        exp_data_base.__init__(self)
    def __call__(self):
        sys.argv.append('--data=vis')
        resp, opts = exp_data_base.__call__(self)
        if 'vis' in resp:
            self.print_vis_or_vtopo('vis')(resp['vis'])

class status(exp_data_base):
    """
    status is just an info --data=status request, so this adds that parameter
    to the arguments and executes exp_info when called.
    """
    def __init__(self):
        exp_data_base.__init__(self)
    def __call__(self):
        sys.argv.append('--data=status')
        resp, opts = exp_data_base.__call__(self)
        if 'experimentStatus' in resp:
            self.print_string(resp['experimentStatus'])

class multi_exp_data(exp_data_base):
    def __init__(self): 
        exp_data_base.__init__(self)


    def __call__(self):
        """
        The control flow.  Compose the request and print the response.
        """
        # Process the options using the customized option parser defined above
        parser = fedd_multi_exp_data_opts()

        (opts, args) = parser.parse_args()

        if opts.trusted:
            if ( not os.access(opts.trusted, os.R_OK) ) :
                sys.exit("Cannot read trusted certificates (%s)" % opts.trusted)

        if opts.debug > 0: opts.tracefile=sys.stderr

        (user, cert) = self.get_user_info()

        if opts.cert != None: cert = opts.cert

        if cert == None:
            sys.exit("No certificate given (--cert) or found")

        if os.access(cert, os.R_OK):
            fid = fedid(file=cert)
        else:
            sys.exit("Cannot read certificate (%s)" % cert)

        req = { }

        try:
            resp_dict = self.do_rpc(req,
                    opts.url, opts.transport, cert, opts.trusted, 
                    serialize_only=opts.serialize_only,
                    tracefile=opts.tracefile,
                    caller=self.caller('MultiInfo'))
        except self.RPCException, e:
            exit_with_fault(\
                    {'desc': e.desc, 'errstr': e.errstr, 'code': e.code})
        except RuntimeError, e:
            sys.exit("Error processing RPC: %s" % e)

        exps = resp_dict.get('info', [])
        if exps:
            print '---'
            for exp in exps:
                for d in opts.data:
                    key, output = self.params[d]
                    try:
                        if exp.has_key(key):
                            output(exp[key])
                    except RuntimeError, e:
                        sys.exit("Bad response. %s" % e.message)
                print '---'


class multi_status(exp_data_base):
    def __init__(self): 
        exp_data_base.__init__(self)


    def __call__(self):
        """
        The control flow.  Compose the request and print the response.
        """
        # Process the options using the customized option parser defined above
        parser = fedd_client_opts()

        (opts, args) = parser.parse_args()

        if opts.trusted:
            if ( not os.access(opts.trusted, os.R_OK) ) :
                sys.exit("Cannot read trusted certificates (%s)" % opts.trusted)

        if opts.debug > 0: opts.tracefile=sys.stderr

        (user, cert) = self.get_user_info()

        if opts.cert != None: cert = opts.cert

        if cert == None:
            sys.exit("No certificate given (--cert) or found")

        if os.access(cert, os.R_OK):
            fid = fedid(file=cert)
        else:
            sys.exit("Cannot read certificate (%s)" % cert)

        req = { }

        try:
            resp_dict = self.do_rpc(req,
                    opts.url, opts.transport, cert, opts.trusted, 
                    serialize_only=opts.serialize_only,
                    tracefile=opts.tracefile,
                    caller=self.caller('MultiInfo'))
        except self.RPCException, e:
            exit_with_fault(\
                    {'desc': e.desc, 'errstr': e.errstr, 'code': e.code})
        except RuntimeError, e:
            sys.exit("Error processing RPC: %s" % e)

        for exp in resp_dict.get('info', []):
            out = []
            for eid in exp.get('experimentID', []):
                if eid.has_key('localname'):
                    out.append(eid['localname'])
                    break
            else:
                out.append("")
            for eid in exp.get('experimentID', []):
                if eid.has_key('fedid'):
                    out.append("%s" % eid['fedid'])
                    break
            else:
                out.append("")

            out.append(exp.get('experimentStatus', ""))

            for f in exp.get('federant', []):
                if f.get('master', False):
                    em = f.get('emulab', None)
                    if em:
                        project = em.get('project', None)
                        if project:
                            tb = project.get('testbed', None)
                            if tb and tb.has_key('localname'):
                                out.append(tb['localname'])
                            else:
                                out.append("")
                            pn = project.get('name', None)
                            if pn and pn.has_key('localname'):
                                out.append(pn['localname'])
                            else:
                                out.append("")
                        else:
                            out.extend(("", ""))
                    else:
                        out.extend(("", ""))
                    break
            else:
                out.extend(("",""))

            print ":".join(out)

class image(fedd_rpc):
    def __init__(self): 
        """
        Null constructor
        """

        fedd_rpc.__init__(self)

    @staticmethod
    def gen_dot_topo(d, labels, dotfile):
        lans = { }
        links = { }

        for n in d.get('node', []):
            print >>dotfile, '\t"%s" [shape=box,style=filled,\\' % n['vname']
            print >>dotfile, '\t\tcolor=black,fillcolor="#60f8c0",regular=1]'

        # Collect lan members (we have to draw extra stuff for these)
        for n in d.get('lan', []):
            v = n['vname']
            m = n['member']
            i = n['ip']
            if m.find(':') != -1:
                m = m[0:m.find(':')]
            if lans.has_key(v):
                lans[v].append((m, i))
            elif links.has_key(v):
                links[v].append((m, i))
                if len(links[v]) > 2:
                    lans[v] = links[v]
                    del links[v]
            else:
                links[v] = [(m, i)]

        # Encode the lans and the links
        for l in lans.keys():
            print >>dotfile, '\t"%s" [shape=ellipse, style=filled,\\' % l
            print >>dotfile,'\t\tcolor=black,fillcolor="#80c0f8",regular=1]'
            for n in lans[l]:
                if labels:
                    print >>dotfile, '\t"%s" -- "%s" [headlabel="%s"]' % \
                            (l, n[0], n[1])
                else:
                    print >>dotfile, '\t"%s" -- "%s"' % (l, n[0])

        for k, l in links.items():
            if len(l) == 2:
                if labels:
                    print >>dotfile, \
                            ('\t"%s" -- "%s" [label="%s",taillabel="%s",' + \
                            'headlabel="%s"]') % \
                            (l[0][0], l[1][0], k, l[0][1], l[1][1])
                else:
                    print >>dotfile, '\t"%s" -- "%s" ' % (l[0][0], l[1][0])


    def gen_image(self, d, nodes, file, fmt, neato, labels, pix=None):

        # Open up a temporary file for dot to turn into a visualization
        try:
            df, dotname = tempfile.mkstemp(prefix='fedd_client', suffix=".dot")
            dotfile = os.fdopen(df, 'w')
        except IOError:
            raise service_error(service_error.internal,
                    "Failed to open file in genviz")

        if not neato:
            for f in ['/usr/bin/neato', '/usr/local/bin/neato', 
                    '/usr/bin/dot', '/usr/local/bin/dot']:
                if os.access(f, os.X_OK):
                    neato = f
                    break
            else:
                sys.exit("Cannot find graph rendering program")

        cmd = [neato, '-Gsplines=true']
        if fmt != 'dot': cmd.append('-T%s' % fmt)
        if file:
            cmd.append('-o')
            cmd.append(file)
        cmd.append(dotname)

        #nodes = d.get('node',[])

        if nodes < 10: size = 5
        elif nodes < 50: size = 10
        else: size = 18

        if pix:
            dpi = pix / size
        else:
            dpi = None


        print >>dotfile, "graph G {"
        if dpi:
            print >>dotfile, '\tgraph [size="%i,%i", dpi="%i", ratio=fill];' \
                    % (size, size, dpi)
        else:
            print >>dotfile, '\tgraph [size="%i,%i", ratio=fill];' \
                    % (size, size)

        if labels:
            print >>dotfile, '\tnode [fontname=arial,fontsize=9,label="\N"];'
            print >>dotfile, '\tedge [fontname=arial,fontsize=9];\n'
        else:
            print >>dotfile, '\tnode [label=""];'


        self.gen_dot_topo(d, labels, dotfile)
        print >>dotfile, "}"
        dotfile.close()

        # Redirect the drawing program stderr
        dev_null = open("/dev/null", "w")
        rv = subprocess.call(cmd, stderr=dev_null)
        os.remove(dotname)
        dev_null.close()
        if rv != 0:
            sys.exit("Error creating graph")



    def __call__(self):
        """
        The control flow.  Compose the request and print the response.
        """
        # Process the options using the customized option parser defined above
        parser = fedd_image_opts()

        (opts, args) = parser.parse_args()

        if opts.trusted:
            if ( not os.access(opts.trusted, os.R_OK) ) :
                sys.exit("Cannot read trusted certificates (%s)" % opts.trusted)

        if opts.debug > 0: opts.tracefile=sys.stderr

        (user, cert) = self.get_user_info()

        if opts.cert != None: cert = opts.cert

        if cert == None:
            sys.exit("No certificate given (--cert) or found")

        if os.access(cert, os.R_OK):
            fid = fedid(file=cert)
        else:
            sys.exit("Cannot read certificate (%s)" % cert)

        if opts.exp_name and opts.exp_certfile:
            sys.exit("Only one of --experiment_cert and " +\
                    "--experiment_name permitted");

        if opts.exp_certfile:
            exp_id = { 'fedid': fedid(file=opts.exp_certfile) }

        if opts.exp_name:
            exp_id = { 'localname' : opts.exp_name }

        if opts.format and opts.outfile:
            fmt = opts.format
            file = opts.outfile
        elif not opts.format and opts.outfile:
            fmt = opts.outfile[-3:]
            if fmt not in ("png", "jpg", "dot", "svg"):
                sys.exit("Unexpected file type and no format specified")
            file = opts.outfile
        elif opts.format and not opts.outfile:
            fmt = opts.format
            file = None
        else:
            fmt="dot"
            file = None


        req = { 'experiment': exp_id }

        try:
            resp_dict = self.do_rpc(req,
                    opts.url, opts.transport, cert, opts.trusted, 
                    serialize_only=opts.serialize_only,
                    tracefile=opts.tracefile,
                    caller=self.caller('Vtopo'))
        except self.RPCException, e:
            exit_with_fault(\
                    {'desc': e.desc, 'errstr': e.errstr, 'code': e.code})
        except RuntimeError, e:
            sys.exit("Error processing RPC: %s" % e)


        if resp_dict.has_key('vtopo'):
            self.gen_image(resp_dict['vtopo'], 
                    len(resp_dict['vtopo'].get('node', [])),
                    file, fmt, opts.neato, opts.labels, opts.pixels)
        elif opts.serialze_only:
            sys.exit(0)
        else:
            sys.exit("Bad response. %s" % e.message)

class topdl_image(image):
    def __init__(self): 
        """
        Null constructor
        """

        image.__init__(self)

    @staticmethod
    def gen_dot_topo(t, labels, dotfile):
        lans = [ s for s in t.substrates if len(s.interfaces) != 2]
        links = [ s for s in t.substrates if len(s.interfaces) == 2]

        i = 0
        for n in t.elements:
            if n.name:
                print >>dotfile, '\t"%s" [shape=box,style=filled,\\' % n.name
            else:
                print >>dotfile, \
                        '\t"unnamed_node%d" [shape=box,style=filled,\\' % i
                i += 1
            print >>dotfile, '\t\tcolor=black,fillcolor="#60f8c0",regular=1]'

        # Encode the lans and the links
        for l in lans:
            print >>dotfile, '\t"%s" [shape=ellipse, style=filled,\\' % l.name
            print >>dotfile,'\t\tcolor=black,fillcolor="#80c0f8",regular=1]'
            for i in l.interfaces:
                ip = i.get_attribute('ip4_address')
                if labels and ip:
                    print >>dotfile, '\t"%s" -- "%s" [headlabel="%s"]' % \
                            (l.name, i.element.name, ip)
                else:
                    print >>dotfile, '\t"%s" -- "%s"' % \
                            (l.name, i.element.name)

        for l in links:
            s, d = l.interfaces[0:2] 
            sip = s.get_attribute('ip4_address')
            dip = d.get_attribute('ip4_address')
            if labels and sip and dip:
                print >>dotfile, \
                        ('\t"%s" -- "%s" [label="%s",taillabel="%s",' + \
                        'headlabel="%s"]') % \
                        (s.element.name, d.element.name, l.name,
                            sip, dip)
            else:
                print >>dotfile, '\t"%s" -- "%s" ' % \
                        (s.element.name, d.element.name)
    def __call__(self):
        """
        The control flow.  Compose the request and print the response.
        """
        # Process the options using the customized option parser defined above
        parser = fedd_ns_image_opts()

        (opts, args) = parser.parse_args()

        if opts.trusted:
            if ( not os.access(opts.trusted, os.R_OK) ) :
                sys.exit("Cannot read trusted certificates (%s)" % opts.trusted)

        if opts.debug > 0: opts.tracefile=sys.stderr

        (user, cert) = self.get_user_info()

        if opts.cert != None: cert = opts.cert

        if cert == None:
            sys.exit("No certificate given (--cert) or found")

        if os.access(cert, os.R_OK):
            fid = fedid(file=cert)
        else:
            sys.exit("Cannot read certificate (%s)" % cert)

        if opts.file:
            exp_desc = ""
            try:
                top = topdl.topology_from_xml(filename=opts.file, 
                        top="experiment")
            except IOError:
                sys.exit("Cannot read description file (%s)" % opts.file)
        else:
            sys.exit("Must specify an experiment description (--file)")

        if not opts.master:
            opts.master="dummy"


        if opts.format and opts.outfile:
            fmt = opts.format
            file = opts.outfile
        elif not opts.format and opts.outfile:
            fmt = opts.outfile[-3:]
            if fmt not in ("png", "jpg", "dot", "svg"):
                sys.exit("Unexpected file type and no format specified")
            file = opts.outfile
        elif opts.format and not opts.outfile:
            fmt = opts.format
            file = None
        else:
            fmt="dot"
            file = None

        self.gen_image(top, len(top.elements), file, fmt, opts.neato, 
                opts.labels, opts.pixels)

class ns_image(topdl_image):
    def __init__(self): 
        """
        Null constructor
        """

        topdl_image.__init__(self)

    def __call__(self):
        """
        The control flow.  Compose the request and print the response.
        """
        # Process the options using the customized option parser defined above
        parser = fedd_ns_image_opts()

        (opts, args) = parser.parse_args()

        if opts.trusted:
            if ( not os.access(opts.trusted, os.R_OK) ) :
                sys.exit("Cannot read trusted certificates (%s)" % opts.trusted)

        if opts.debug > 0: opts.tracefile=sys.stderr

        (user, cert) = self.get_user_info()

        if opts.cert != None: cert = opts.cert

        if cert == None:
            sys.exit("No certificate given (--cert) or found")

        if os.access(cert, os.R_OK):
            fid = fedid(file=cert)
        else:
            sys.exit("Cannot read certificate (%s)" % cert)

        if opts.file:
            exp_desc = ""
            try:
                f = open(opts.file, 'r')
                for line in f:
                    exp_desc += line
                f.close()
            except IOError:
                sys.exit("Cannot read description file (%s)" %opts.file)
        else:
            sys.exit("Must specify an experiment description (--file)")

        if not opts.master:
            opts.master="dummy"

        req = { 'description': { 'ns2description': exp_desc }, }

        if opts.format and opts.outfile:
            fmt = opts.format
            file = opts.outfile
        elif not opts.format and opts.outfile:
            fmt = opts.outfile[-3:]
            if fmt not in ("png", "jpg", "dot", "svg"):
                sys.exit("Unexpected file type and no format specified")
            file = opts.outfile
        elif opts.format and not opts.outfile:
            fmt = opts.format
            file = None
        else:
            fmt="dot"
            file = None

        try:
            resp_dict = self.do_rpc(req,
                    opts.url, opts.transport, cert, opts.trusted, 
                    serialize_only=opts.serialize_only,
                    tracefile=opts.tracefile,
                    caller=self.caller('Ns2Topdl'))
        except self.RPCException, e:
            exit_with_fault(\
                    {'desc': e.desc, 'errstr': e.errstr, 'code': e.code})
        except RuntimeError, e:
            sys.exit("Error processing RPC: %s" % e)


        if 'experimentdescription' in resp_dict:
            if 'topdldescription' in resp_dict['experimentdescription']:
                exp = resp_dict['experimentdescription']['topdldescription']
                top = topdl.Topology(**exp)
                self.gen_image(top, len(top.elements), file, fmt, opts.neato, 
                        opts.labels, opts.pixels)
            else:
                sys.exit("Bad response: could not translate")
        elif opts.serialze_only:
            sys.exit(0)
        else:
            sys.exit("Bad response. %s" % e.message)

class terminate(fedd_rpc):
    def __init__(self): 
        """
        Termination request
        """

        fedd_rpc.__init__(self)

    def __call__(self):
        """
        The control flow.  Compose the request and print the response.
        """
        # Process the options using the customized option parser defined above
        parser = fedd_terminate_opts()

        (opts, args) = parser.parse_args()

        (user, cert) = self.get_user_info()
        if opts.trusted:
            if ( not os.access(opts.trusted, os.R_OK) ) :
                sys.exit("Cannot read trusted certificates (%s)" % opts.trusted)

        if opts.debug > 0: opts.tracefile=sys.stderr

        if opts.cert != None: cert = opts.cert

        if cert == None:
            sys.exit("No certificate given (--cert) or found")

        if os.access(cert, os.R_OK):
            fid = fedid(file=cert)
        else:
            sys.exit("Cannot read certificate (%s)" % cert)

        if opts.exp_name and opts.exp_certfile:
            sys.exit("Only one of --experiment_cert and " +\
                    "--experiment_name permitted")

        if opts.print_log and opts.logfile:
            sys.exit("Only one of --logfile and --print_log is permitted")
        elif opts.print_log:
            out = sys.stdout
        elif opts.logfile:
            try:
                out = open(opts.logfile, "w")
            except IOError,e:
                sys.exit("Cannot open logfile: %s" %e)
        else:
            out = None

        exp_id = None

        if opts.exp_certfile:
            exp_id = { 'fedid': fedid(file=opts.exp_certfile) }

        if opts.exp_name:
            exp_id = { 'localname' : opts.exp_name }

        if not exp_id:
            sys.exit("Must give one of --experiment_cert and " +\
                    "--experiment_name");

        req = { 'experiment': exp_id, 'force': opts.force }

        try:
            resp_dict = self.do_rpc(req,
                    opts.url, opts.transport, cert, opts.trusted, 
                    serialize_only=opts.serialize_only,
                    tracefile=opts.tracefile,
                    caller=self.caller('Terminate'))
        except self.RPCException, e:
            exit_with_fault(\
                    {'desc': e.desc, 'errstr': e.errstr, 'code': e.code})
        except RuntimeError, e:
            print e
            sys.exit("Error processing RPC: %s" % e)

        if out:
            log = resp_dict.get('deallocationLog', None)
            if log:
                print >>out, log
                out.close()
            else:
                out.close()
                sys.exit("No log returned")

class terminate_segment(fedd_rpc):
    def __init__(self): 
        """
        Termination request
        """

        fedd_rpc.__init__(self)

    def __call__(self):
        """
        The control flow.  Compose the request and print the response.
        """
        # Process the options using the customized option parser defined above
        parser = fedd_terminate_opts()

        (opts, args) = parser.parse_args()

        (user, cert) = self.get_user_info()
        if opts.trusted:
            if ( not os.access(opts.trusted, os.R_OK) ) :
                sys.exit("Cannot read trusted certificates (%s)" % opts.trusted)

        if opts.debug > 0: opts.tracefile=sys.stderr

        if opts.cert != None: cert = opts.cert

        if cert == None:
            sys.exit("No certificate given (--cert) or found")

        if os.access(cert, os.R_OK):
            fid = fedid(file=cert)
        else:
            sys.exit("Cannot read certificate (%s)" % cert)

        if opts.exp_name and opts.exp_certfile:
            sys.exit("Only one of --experiment_cert and " +\
                    "--experiment_name permitted")

        if opts.print_log and opts.logfile:
            sys.exit("Only one of --logfile and --print_log is permitted")
        elif opts.print_log:
            out = sys.stdout
        elif opts.logfile:
            try:
                out = open(opts.logfile, "w")
            except IOError,e:
                sys.exit("Cannot open logfile: %s" %e)
        else:
            out = None

        exp_id = None

        if opts.exp_certfile:
            exp_id = { 'fedid': fedid(file=opts.exp_certfile) }

        if opts.exp_name:
            exp_id = { 'localname' : opts.exp_name }

        if not exp_id:
            sys.exit("Must give one of --experiment_cert and " +\
                    "--experiment_name");

        req = { 'allocID': exp_id, 'force': opts.force }

        try:
            resp_dict = self.do_rpc(req,
                    opts.url, opts.transport, cert, opts.trusted, 
                    serialize_only=opts.serialize_only,
                    tracefile=opts.tracefile,
                    caller=self.caller('TerminateSegment'))
        except self.RPCException, e:
            exit_with_fault(\
                    {'desc': e.desc, 'errstr': e.errstr, 'code': e.code})
        except RuntimeError, e:
            print e
            sys.exit("Error processing RPC: %s" % e)

        if out:
            log = resp_dict.get('deallocationLog', None)
            if log:
                print >>out, log
                out.close()
            else:
                out.close()
                sys.exit("No log returned")

class new(fedd_rpc):
    def __init__(self): 
        fedd_rpc.__init__(self)
    def __call__(self):
        # Process the options using the customized option parser defined above
        parser = fedd_new_opts()

        (opts, args) = parser.parse_args()

        if opts.trusted:
            if ( not os.access(opts.trusted, os.R_OK) ) :
                sys.exit("Cannot read trusted certificates (%s)" % opts.trusted)

        if opts.debug > 0: opts.tracefile=sys.stderr

        (user, cert) = self.get_user_info()

        if opts.cert != None: cert = opts.cert

        if cert == None:
            sys.exit("No certificate given (--cert) or found")

        if os.access(cert, os.R_OK):
            fid = fedid(file=cert)
        else:
            sys.exit("Cannot read certificate (%s)" % cert)

        out_certfile = opts.out_certfile

        msg = { }

        if opts.exp_name:
            msg['experimentID'] = { 'localname': opts.exp_name }

        if opts.debug > 1: print >>sys.stderr, msg

        try:
            resp_dict = self.do_rpc(msg, 
                    opts.url, opts.transport, cert, opts.trusted, 
                    serialize_only=opts.serialize_only,
                    tracefile=opts.tracefile, 
                    caller=self.caller("New"))
        except self.RPCException, e:
            exit_with_fault(\
                    {'desc': e.desc, 'errstr': e.errstr, 'code': e.code})
        except RuntimeError, e:
            sys.exit("Error processing RPC: %s" % e)

        if opts.debug > 1: print >>sys.stderr, resp_dict

        ea = resp_dict.get('experimentAccess', None)
        if out_certfile and ea and ea.has_key('X509'):
            try:
                f = open(out_certfile, "w")
                print >>f, ea['X509']
                f.close()
            except IOError:
                sys.exit('Could not write to %s' %  out_certfile)
        eid = resp_dict.get('experimentID', None)
        if eid:
            for id in eid:
                for k in id.keys():
                    print "%s: %s" % (k, id[k])
        st = resp_dict.get('experimentStatus', None)
        if st:
            print "status: %s" % st


class create(fedd_rpc):
    def __init__(self): 
        fedd_rpc.__init__(self)

    @staticmethod
    def parse_service(svc):
        terms = svc.split(':')
        svcd = { }
        if len(terms) < 2 or len(terms[0]) == 0 or len(terms[1]) == 0:
            sys.exit("Bad service description '%s': Not enough terms" % svc)
        
        svcd['name'] = terms[0]
        svcd['export'] = terms[1].split(",")
        if len(terms) > 2 and len(terms[2]) > 0:
            svcd['import'] = terms[2].split(",")
        if len(terms) > 3 and len(terms[3]) > 0:
            svcd['fedAttr'] = [ ]
            for t in terms[3].split(","):
                i = t.find("=")
                if i != -1 :
                    svcd['fedAttr'].append(
                            {'attribute': t[0:i], 'value': t[i+1:]})
                else:
                    sys.exit("Bad service attribute '%s': no equals sign" % t)
        return svcd

    def __call__(self):
        parser = fedd_create_opts()

        (opts, args) = parser.parse_args()

        svcs = []

        if opts.trusted:
            if ( not os.access(opts.trusted, os.R_OK) ) :
                sys.exit("Cannot read trusted certificates (%s)" % opts.trusted)

        if not (opts.project and opts.master) and not opts.service:
            print >>sys.stderr, "Neither master/project nor services requested"

        if opts.debug > 0: opts.tracefile=sys.stderr

        (user, cert) = self.get_user_info()

        if opts.cert != None: cert = opts.cert

        if cert == None:
            sys.exit("No certificate given (--cert) or found")

        if os.access(cert, os.R_OK):
            fid = fedid(file=cert)
        else:
            sys.exit("Cannot read certificate (%s)" % cert)

        if opts.file:
            exp_desc = ""
            try:
                f = open(opts.file, 'r')
                for line in f:
                    exp_desc += line
                f.close()
            except IOError:
                sys.exit("Cannot read description file (%s)" %opts.file)
        else:
            sys.exit("Must specify an experiment description (--file)")

        out_certfile = opts.out_certfile
        
        # Fill in svcs here so errors in service specification come before the
        # New call is made
        if opts.master and opts.project:
            svcs.append({
                    'name': 'project_export', 
                    'export': [opts.master], 
                    'importall': True,
                    'fedAttr': [ 
                        { 'attribute': 'project', 'value': opts.project },
                        ],
                    })

        svcs.extend([ self.parse_service(s) for s in opts.service])
        msg = { }

        if opts.exp_name:
            msg['experimentID'] = { 'localname': opts.exp_name }

        if opts.debug > 1: print >>sys.stderr, msg

        try:
            resp_dict = self.do_rpc(msg, 
                    opts.url, opts.transport, cert, opts.trusted, 
                    serialize_only=opts.serialize_only,
                    tracefile=opts.tracefile,
                    caller=self.caller('New'))
        except self.RPCException, e:
            exit_with_fault(\
                    {'desc': e.desc, 'errstr': e.errstr, 'code': e.code})
        except RuntimeError, e:
            sys.exit("Error processing RPC: %s" % e)

        if opts.debug > 1: print >>sys.stderr, resp_dict

        ea = resp_dict.get('experimentAccess', None)
        if out_certfile and ea and ea.has_key('X509'):
            try:
                f = open(out_certfile, "w")
                print >>f, ea['X509']
                f.close()
            except IOError:
                sys.exit('Could not write to %s' %  out_certfile)
        eid = resp_dict.get('experimentID', None)
        e_fedid = None
        e_local = None
        if eid:
            for id in eid:
                for k in id.keys():
                    if k =='fedid':
                        e_fedid = id[k]
                    elif k =='localname':
                        e_local = id[k]
        elif opts.serialize_only:
            e_local = "serialize"
        msg = { 'experimentdescription': { 'ns2description': exp_desc }, }

        if svcs:
            msg['service'] = svcs

        if e_fedid:
            msg['experimentID'] = { 'fedid': e_fedid }
        elif e_local:
            msg['experimentID'] = { 'localname': e_local }
        else:
            sys.exit("New did not return an experiment ID??")

        if opts.debug > 1: print >>sys.stderr, msg

        try:
            resp_dict = self.do_rpc(msg, 
                    opts.url, opts.transport, cert, opts.trusted, 
                    serialize_only=opts.serialize_only,
                    tracefile=opts.tracefile,
                    caller=self.caller('Create'))
        except self.RPCException, e:
            exit_with_fault(\
                    {'desc': e.desc, 'errstr': e.errstr, 'code': e.code})
        except RuntimeError, e:
            sys.exit("Error processing RPC: %s" % e)

        if opts.debug > 1: print >>sys.stderr, resp_dict

        ea = resp_dict.get('experimentAccess', None)
        if out_certfile and ea and ea.has_key('X509'):
            try:
                f = open(out_certfile, "w")
                print >>f, ea['X509']
                f.close()
            except IOError:
                sys.exit('Could not write to %s' %  out_certfile)
        eid = resp_dict.get('experimentID', None)
        if eid:
            for id in eid:
                for k in id.keys():
                    print "%s: %s" % (k, id[k])
        st = resp_dict.get('experimentStatus', None)
        if st:
            print "status: %s" % st

class split(fedd_rpc):
    def __init__(self): 
        fedd_rpc.__init__(self)
    def __call__(self):
        # Process the options using the customized option parser defined above
        parser = fedd_split_opts()

        (opts, args) = parser.parse_args()

        if opts.trusted:
            if ( not os.access(opts.trusted, os.R_OK) ) :
                sys.exit("Cannot read trusted certificates (%s)" % opts.trusted)

        if opts.debug > 0: opts.tracefile=sys.stderr

        (user, cert) = self.get_user_info()

        if opts.cert != None: cert = opts.cert

        if cert == None:
            sys.exit("No certificate given (--cert) or found")

        if os.access(cert, os.R_OK):
            fid = fedid(file=cert)
        else:
            sys.exit("Cannot read certificate (%s)" % cert)

        if opts.file:
            exp_desc = ""
            try:
                f = open(opts.file, 'r')
                for line in f:
                    exp_desc += line
                f.close()
            except IOError:
                sys.exit("Cannot read description file (%s)" %opts.file)
        else:
            sys.exit("Must specify an experiment description (--file)")

        if not opts.master:
            sys.exit("Must specify a master testbed (--master)")

        out_certfile = opts.out_certfile

        msg = {
                'description': { 'ns2description': exp_desc },
                'master': opts.master,
                'include_fedkit': opts.fedkit,
                'include_gatewaykit': opts.gatewaykit,
                }

        if opts.debug > 1: print >>sys.stderr, msg

        try:
            resp_dict = self.do_rpc(msg, 
                    opts.url, opts.transport, cert, opts.trusted, 
                    serialize_only=opts.serialize_only,
                    tracefile=opts.tracefile,
                    caller=self.caller('Ns2Split'))
        except self.RPCException, e:
            exit_with_fault(\
                    {'desc': e.desc, 'errstr': e.errstr, 'code': e.code})
        except RuntimeError, e:
            sys.exit("Error processing RPC: %s" % e)

        if opts.debug > 1: print >>sys.stderr, resp_dict

        ed = resp_dict.get('experimentdescription', None)
        if ed:
            if ed.has_key('topdldescription'):
                topo = topdl.Topology(**ed['topdldescription'])
                print topdl.topology_to_xml(topo, 'experiment')

class access(fedd_rpc):
    def __init__(self):
        fedd_rpc.__init__(self)

    def print_response_as_testbed(self, resp, label, out=sys.stdout):
        """Print the response as input to the splitter script"""

        e = resp.get('emulab', None)
        if e:
            p = e['project']
            fields = { 
                    "Boss": e['boss'],
                    "OpsNode": e['ops'],
                    "Domain": e['domain'],
                    "FileServer": e['fileServer'],
                    "EventServer": e['eventServer'],
                    "Project": unpack_id(p['name'])
                    }
            if (label != None): print >> out, "[%s]" % label

            for l, v in fields.iteritems():
                print >>out, "%s: %s" % (l, v)

            for u in p['user']:
                print >>out, "User: %s" % unpack_id(u['userID'])

            for a in e['fedAttr']:
                print >>out, "%s: %s" % (a['attribute'], a['value'])

    def __call__(self):
        node_descs = []
        proj = None

        # Process the options using the customized option parser defined above
        parser = fedd_access_opts()

        (opts, args) = parser.parse_args()

        if opts.testbed == None:
            parser.error("--testbed is required")

        if opts.trusted:
            if ( not os.access(opts.trusted, os.R_OK) ) :
                sys.exit("Cannot read trusted certificates (%s)" % opts.trusted)

        if opts.debug > 0: opts.tracefile=sys.stderr

        (user, cert) = self.get_user_info()

        if opts.cert != None: cert = opts.cert

        if cert == None:
            sys.exit("No certificate given (--cert) or found")

        if os.access(cert, os.R_OK):
            fid = fedid(file=cert)
            if opts.use_fedid == True:
                user = fid
        else:
            sys.exit("Cannot read certificate (%s)" % cert)

        msg = {
                'allocID': pack_id('test alloc'),
                'destinationTestbed': pack_id(opts.testbed),
                }

        if len(node_descs) > 0:
            msg['resources'] = { 
                    'node': [ 
                        { 
                            'image':  n.image ,
                            'hardware':  n.hardware,
                            'count': n.count,
                        } for n in node_descs],
                    }

        if opts.debug > 1: print >>sys.stderr, msg

        try:
            resp_dict = self.do_rpc(msg, 
                    opts.url, opts.transport, cert, opts.trusted, 
                    serialize_only=opts.serialize_only,
                    tracefile=opts.tracefile,
                    caller=self.caller('RequestAccess'))
        except self.RPCException, e:
            exit_with_fault(\
                    {'desc': e.desc, 'errstr': e.errstr, 'code': e.code})
        except RuntimeError, e:
            sys.exit("Error processing RPC: %s" % e.message)

        if opts.debug > 1: print >>sys.stderr, resp_dict
        if not opts.serialize_only:
            self.print_response_as_testbed(resp_dict, opts.label)

# Keep requesting experiment status and printing updates to the log until the
# experiment is done being created.
class spew_log(fedd_rpc):
    def __init__(self): 
        """
        Init the superclass
        """

        fedd_rpc.__init__(self)

    def __call__(self):
        """
        The control flow.  Compose the request and print the response.
        """
        # Process the options using the customized option parser defined above
        parser = fedd_spew_opts()

        (opts, args) = parser.parse_args()

        if opts.trusted:
            if ( not os.access(opts.trusted, os.R_OK) ) :
                sys.exit("Cannot read trusted certificates (%s)" % opts.trusted)

        if opts.debug > 0: opts.tracefile=sys.stderr

        (user, cert) = self.get_user_info()

        if opts.cert != None: cert = opts.cert

        if cert == None:
            sys.exit("No certificate given (--cert) or found")

        if os.access(cert, os.R_OK):
            fid = fedid(file=cert)
        else:
            sys.exit("Cannot read certificate (%s)" % cert)

        if opts.exp_name and opts.exp_certfile:
            sys.exit("Only one of --experiment_cert and " +\
                    "--experiment_name permitted");

        if opts.exp_certfile:
            exp_id = { 'fedid': fedid(file=opts.exp_certfile) }

        if opts.exp_name:
            exp_id = { 'localname' : opts.exp_name }

        if opts.logfile:
            try:
                out = open(opts.logfile, "w")
            except IOError,e:
                sys.exit("Cannot open logfile: %s" %e)
        else:
            out = sys.stdout

        req = { 'experiment': exp_id }

        status = "starting"
        log = ""
        log_offset = 0
        update = opts.update
        while status == 'starting':
            try:
                resp_dict = self.do_rpc(req,
                        opts.url, opts.transport, cert, opts.trusted, 
                        serialize_only=opts.serialize_only,
                        tracefile=opts.tracefile,
                        caller=self.caller('Info'))
            except self.RPCException, e:
                exit_with_fault(\
                        {'desc': e.desc, 'errstr': e.errstr, 'code': e.code})
            except RuntimeError, e:
                sys.exit("Error processing RPC: %s" % e)

            if not opts.serialize_only:
                status = resp_dict.get('experimentStatus', None)
            else:
                status = "active"
            log = resp_dict.get('allocationLog', None)
            if not status:
                sys.exit("No status in Info response??")
            if log:
                if len(log) > log_offset:
                    print >>out, log[log_offset:],
                    out.flush()
                    log_offset = len(log)
            if status == 'starting': 
                time.sleep(update)

        print >>out
        print >>out, status
        out.close()

class start_segment(fedd_rpc):
    def __init__(self): 
        fedd_rpc.__init__(self)
    def __call__(self):
        # Process the options using the customized option parser defined above
        parser = fedd_start_opts()

        (opts, args) = parser.parse_args()

        if opts.trusted:
            if ( not os.access(opts.trusted, os.R_OK) ) :
                sys.exit("Cannot read trusted certificates (%s)" % opts.trusted)

        if opts.debug > 0: opts.tracefile=sys.stderr

        (user, cert) = self.get_user_info()

        if opts.cert != None: cert = opts.cert

        if cert == None:
            sys.exit("No certificate given (--cert) or found")

        if os.access(cert, os.R_OK):
            fid = fedid(file=cert)
        else:
            sys.exit("Cannot read certificate (%s)" % cert)

        if opts.file:
            try:
                top = topdl.topology_from_xml(filename=opts.file, 
                        top='experiment')
            except IOError:
                sys.exit("Cannot read description file (%s)" %opts.file)
        else:
            sys.exit("Must specify an experiment description (--file)")

        msg = {
                'segmentdescription': { 'topdldescription': top.to_dict() },
                'allocID': pack_id(fid),
                'master': False,
                }

        if opts.debug > 1: print >>sys.stderr, msg

        try:
            resp_dict = self.do_rpc(msg, 
                    opts.url, opts.transport, cert, opts.trusted, 
                    serialize_only=opts.serialize_only,
                    tracefile=opts.tracefile,
                    caller=self.caller('StartSegment'))
        except self.RPCException, e:
            exit_with_fault(\
                    {'desc': e.desc, 'errstr': e.errstr, 'code': e.code})
        except RuntimeError, e:
            sys.exit("Error processing RPC: %s" % e)

        if opts.debug > 1: print >>sys.stderr, resp_dict
        if not opts.serialize_only:
            print resp_dict

class ns_topdl(fedd_rpc):
    def __init__(self): 
        fedd_rpc.__init__(self)
    def __call__(self):
        # Process the options using the customized option parser defined above
        parser = fedd_ns_topdl_opts()

        (opts, args) = parser.parse_args()

        if opts.trusted:
            if ( not os.access(opts.trusted, os.R_OK) ) :
                sys.exit("Cannot read trusted certificates (%s)" % opts.trusted)

        if opts.debug > 0: opts.tracefile=sys.stderr

        (user, cert) = self.get_user_info()

        if opts.cert != None: cert = opts.cert

        if cert == None:
            sys.exit("No certificate given (--cert) or found")

        if os.access(cert, os.R_OK):
            fid = fedid(file=cert)
        else:
            sys.exit("Cannot read certificate (%s)" % cert)

        if opts.file:
            try:
                f = open(opts.file,"r")
                contents = "".join(f)
                f.close()
            except EnvironmentError, e:
                sys.exit("Can't read %s: %s" % (opts.file, e))
        else:
            sys.exit("Must specify an experiment description (--file)")

        msg = { 'description': { 'ns2description': contents }, }

        if opts.debug > 1: print >>sys.stderr, msg

        try:
            resp_dict = self.do_rpc(msg, 
                    opts.url, opts.transport, cert, opts.trusted, 
                    serialize_only=opts.serialize_only,
                    tracefile=opts.tracefile,
                    caller=self.caller('Ns2Topdl'))
        except self.RPCException, e:
            exit_with_fault(\
                    {'desc': e.desc, 'errstr': e.errstr, 'code': e.code})
        except RuntimeError, e:
            sys.exit("Error processing RPC: %s" % e)

        if 'experimentdescription' in resp_dict:
            if 'topdldescription' in resp_dict['experimentdescription']:
                exp = resp_dict['experimentdescription']['topdldescription']
                top = topdl.Topology(**exp)
            else:
                sys.exit("Bad response: could not translate")
        elif opts.serialze_only:
            sys.exit(0)
        else:
            sys.exit("Bad response. %s" % e.message)

        if opts.outfile:
            try:
                f = open(opts.outfile, "w")
                print >>f, topdl.topology_to_xml(top, top="experiment")
                f.close()
            except EnvironmentError, e:
                sys.exit("Can't write to %s: %s" % (opts.outfile, e))
        else:
            print topdl.topology_to_xml(top, top="experiment")

cmds = {\
        'new': new(),\
        'create': create(),\
        'split': split(),\
        'access': access(),\
        'ftopo': ftopo(),\
        'vtopo': vtopo(),\
        'vis': vis(),\
        'info': exp_data(),\
        'multiinfo': multi_exp_data(),\
        'multistatus': multi_status(),\
        'image': image(),\
        'ns_image': ns_image(),\
        'status': status(),\
        'terminate': terminate(),\
        'spewlog': spew_log(),\
        'topdl_image': topdl_image(),\
        'start_segment': start_segment(),\
        'terminate_segment': terminate_segment(),\
        'ns_topdl': ns_topdl(),\
    }
if len(sys.argv) > 1:
    operation = cmds.get(sys.argv[1], None)
else:
    sys.exit("first argument must be one of " + ",".join(cmds.keys()))

if operation:
    del sys.argv[1]
    operation()
else:
    if sys.argv[1] == '--help':
        sys.exit(\
'''Only context sensitive help is available.  For one of the commands:

%s

type
  %s command --help

to get help, e.g., %s create --help
''' % (", ".join(cmds.keys()), sys.argv[0], sys.argv[0]))
    else:
        sys.exit("Bad command: %s.  Valid ones are: %s" % \
                (sys.argv[1], ", ".join(cmds.keys())))